Capital Punishment Essays (782 words) - Operation Overlord

Capital Punishment D-Day D-Day is the most well-known, gruesome day in the history of WWII. Out of the five landings, the landing on Omaha Beach was, by far, the worst for the U.S. and The Allies. Paratroopers who had landed the night before came up behind the Germans and aided the U.S. and The Allies. Eventually they pushed through and invaded Hitler's Europe. Even though D-Day was considered a massacre, the invasion aided the US's ultimate victory. D-Day happened on June 6, 1944. It was one of the darkest days in the history of World War II, not only for the U.S., but also the Allies. D-Day was the invasion of Hitler controlled Europe, and the beginning of the fall of an empire. It consisted of airborne attacks and assaults on five beaches given the code names, Utah, Gold, Juno, Sword and Omaha. With 35,000 troops and 4,404 bombs weighing tow hundred and fifty pounds each, D-Day was called the worlds largest, greatest planned amphibious attack ever. As for the assaults on the beaches, four of the five went pretty well. The Germans did not put up much of a fight and the troops penetrated Europe quite easily. However, down the coastline, a vicious battle was happening and history was being made. The Germans were putting up much more of a fight and the opposing troops were fighting just to stay alive. But with land mines and heavy fire from German machine guns this was not an easy task. Right when the ramp was lowered on the U.S. boats, troops were shot like dogs. Some jumped over the side looking to swim to shore, but the weight of their gear pulled them to the bottom and they drowned. Those who made it to the beach scrambled for any cover that they could find. (Being shelled and shot at they needed a miracle to save them.) That miracle was troops that came from behind. Even though they had the back-up, 41% of the men on Omaha beach were killed. The night before the assaults there were planes flying low and fast over Europe. They weren't dropping bombs, they were dropping men. Paratroopers who were to provide back-up for the troops on the beaches were jumping out of the planes and preparing for the next day. Over 2,000 troopers were dropped over various parts of Europe. A paratrooper is basically a soldier who is dropped by parachute into enemy territory. A paratrooper was a walking arsenal. He had everything that he needed to survive. He carried two fragmentation grenades, one smoke grenade, one antitank mine and one antitank Gammon bomb made of plastic explosives. He also had a weapon, either a rifle, carbine, pistol or submachine gun with ammunition. Other gear included a knife, light, razor, spoon, maps, compass, first-aid kit, food, entrenching tool, main and reserve parachutes, gas mask, jump knife, helmet and spare clothing. All of this gear totals up to weighing about 100 pounds, and he jumped with it all on him. Had it not been for these men, the U.S. and Allies probably would have never pushed through at Omaha beach. The troops came up behind the Germans and surprised them, which was a big help to them. By adding to their fighting force the U.S. and the Allies would push through at Omaha into Hitler's Europe. With the beaches cleared and the men on land the U.S. and the Allies finally had a foothold to win the war and bring Hitler from power. Getting inland was a great victory for the U.S. and the Allies, and the beginning of Hitler's road to defeat. After many more months of fighting the U.S. and its Allies would have ultimate victory. Hitler committed suicide, and his rein of terror was over. All concentration camps were evacuated and all seized land was returned. Yet if the U.S. and Allies hadn't pushed through, this process would have been extremely delayed, who knows it may have never happened. D-Day is probably the most well known day in the history of World War II and still burns in the minds of the men who fought on that day. It is a day that should always be remembered. Think about what might

Collusive Oligopoly Essay Example

Collusive Oligopoly Essay Example Collusive Oligopoly Paper Collusive Oligopoly Paper 1. 0Introduction In a perfectly competitive market it is assumed that owing to presence of manybuyers and many sellers selling homogeneous products,the actions of any singlebuyer or seller has a negligible impact on the market price of product. However in reality this situation is seldom realized. Most of the time individual sellershave some degree of control over the price of their outputs. This condition is referredas imperfect competition. Barriers to entry are the factors that make it difficult for new firms to enter an industry, which lead to imperfect competition. Mostly commonly known barriers of entry areeconomies of scale, legal restrictions, high cost of entry and advertising and productdifferentiation. Imperfect competitive markets can be classified into three categories 1. Monopoly where single seller has control over the industry and no other firmexists producing a close substitute. True monopolies are rare in the present situation. 2. Monopolistic competition where a large number of sellers exist sellingdifferentiated products 3. Oligopoly is an intermediate form of imperfect competition in which only afew sellers exist in the market with each offering a product similar or identicalto the others. Oligopoly usually exhibits the following features: 1. Entry barriers: Significant entry barriers prevail in the markets that thwart thedilution of competition in the long run. This helps dominant firms to maintainsupernormal profits. Though many smaller firms can operate on the periphery of anoligopolistic market, but none of them is large enough to have any considerable effecton market prices and output. 2. Interdependent decisions of non-price competition suchas free deliveries and installation, longer opening hours (e. g. supermarkets and petrolstations),branding of products and heavy spending on advertising and marketing. If firms operate in cooperative mode to minimize the competitions betweenthemselves this behavior is called as Collusion. When two or more firms agree to settheir outputs or prices to divide the market among themselves, it is called as collusive oligopoly. 2. 0 Collusive oligopoly: There are two types of collusive oligopoly A. Price leadership – tacit collusion This occurs when one firm has a clear dominant position in the market and thefirms with lower market shares follow the pricing changes driven by the dominant firm. B. Overt collusion:This occurs when firms openly agree on price, output, and other decisions aimed at achieving high profits. Firms who coordinate their activities throughovert collusion and by forming collusive coordinating mechanisms, such a group ofindependent firms working in unison is called as cartel. When this happens the existing firms decide to engage in price fixing greements orcartels. The aim of this is to maximize joint profits and act as if the market was apure monopoly. 2. 1 Price fixing in collusive oligopoly Collusion is often explained as a product of motive to achieve joint-profitmaximization within a market or circumvent price and revenue instability in anindustry. Price fixing can be deemed as an attempt by suppliers to control supply andfix price at a level close to the level expected from a monopoly. However in order to fix prices, the producers in the market must be able to exertcontrol over market supply. The figure 1 below depicts a producer cartel fixes the cartel price at output Qm andprice Pm decided by the fact where marginal revenue of the cartel MR is equal tomarginal cost MC of the cartel. The distribution of the cartel output among the cartelmembers could be decided on the basis of an output quota system or through mutualagreement. Although the cartel as a whole is maximizing profits, the individual firm’soutput quota is unlikely to be at their profit maximizing point. For any one firm, within the cartel, expanding output and selling at a price thatslightly undercuts the cartel price can achieve extra profits. Unfortunately if one firmindulges in this, the other firms will probably same path same. If all firms break theterms of their cartel agreement, the result will be an excess supply in the market and asharp fall in the price. Under these circumstances, a cartel agreement might breakdown. Fig. Price fixation by cartel and effect on partner of the firm 3. 0 Conditions conducive for formation of cartels 1. Only a small number of firms exist in the industry and barriers prevail to entryprotect the monopoly power of existing firms in the long run. 2. Market demand is not too variable i. e. it is reasonably predictable and not subject toerratic fluctuations which may result to excess demand or excess suppl y. 3. Demand is fairly inelastic with respect to price so that a higher cartel price fetchesincreased total revenue to suppliers in the market. 4. It is easier to monitor each firm’s output. This enables the cartel more easily toregulate total supply and identify firms, cheating on output quotas. 4. 0 Reasons for possible breakdowns of cartels Most cartel arrangements experience difficulties and tensions and some producercartels collapse completely. Several factors can create problems within a collusiveagreement between suppliers: 1. Enforcement problems: The primary objective of the cartel is to restrict totalproduction to maximize total profits of members. But in reality each individualmember of the cartel finds it profitable to raise its own production. Thus theenforcement of output quota becomes difficult for the cartel leading disputes about sharing of the profits. Non-members of the cartel may opt to take a free ride byproducing close to but just under the cartel price. 2. Falling market demand during a recession creates excess capacity in the industryand exerts pressure on individual firms to reduce prices to maintain their revenue. E. g. collapse of the coffee export cartel. 3. The successful foray of non-cartel firms into the industry undermines a cartel’scontrol of the market – e. g. he emergence of online retailers in the book industry in the mid 1990s. 4. The exposure of illegal price fixing by market regulators Governments appoint market regulators to monitor the markets and identify the firmsindulging in collusion. Collusion is undesirable from the standpoint of society as awhole, because inefficient allocation of resources at high prices. In order bringallocation of resources closer to the social optimum, p olicymakers try to induce firmsin an oligopoly to compete rather than cooperate through instrument of antitrust laws. Regulatory bring legal suits to enforce the antitrust laws for example to preventmergers leading to excessive market power prevent. 5. 0 OPEC case study: Most successful cartel Organization of petroleum Exporting countries (OPEC) was formed in 1960. Initiallyit contained only 5 members, the membership of cartel however expanded to 13 by1973. During period 1960-73, OPEC could not be reckoned as a successful cartel. Infact world oil prices declined slightly over the 1960-1970 decade. However the situation underwent a dramatic change in 1973 with the Arab-Israel war. During the war the Arab members of OPEC temporarily cut off oil exports. Theoutcome was ominous: Oil prices more that tripled in a matter of months. Theestimated price of a barrel of oil on the world market was $2. 91 in 1973 but jumped to $10. 77 in 1974. This demonstrated that output restriction could wreak havoc afterresuming exports OPEC continued to hold down output. Subsequently, oil pricesremained relatively stable. However another jolt was inflicted in 1978 whenrevolution took place in Iran. Iranian exports at that time accounted for 20 percent ofall OPEC ex-ports, fell almost to zero. Prices escalated once again and the newgovernment in Iran continued to limit exports, maintaining prices at high levels. The Iran-Iraq War, which started in 1980, resulted in the extensive destruction of oilproducing facilities in both counties and brought down oil exports further. The relative success of OPEC can be attributed to the following advantages it hasenjoyed relative to other cartels. 1. The price elasticity of demand for oil, especially in the short run, is quitelow, implying that moderate output restrictions will produce large priceincreases- a favorable environment for a cartel. In 1973 OPEC outputcontributed to two-thirds of the total world oil production. 2. In 1975 OPEC countries held 70 percent of the world’s proven oilresources that imparted it a substantial market power. 3. OPEC contains a few members, many of the internal problems thatusually trouble a cartel are reduced e. g. reaching agreements, monitoringthe output and coordinating price policies of individual members, issimpler with a few members involved. In fact, since just four countries(Saudi, Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Venezuela) regulate ? of OPEC’s oilreserves, the effectiveness of cartel is further enhanced. . The biggest danger to a cartel comes from the increased production bynon-members. However exploration, production and building new supplies are time consuming hence this gives OPEC significant short-run power. 5. OPEC has also been benefited by policies of oil importing nations. E. g. Inthe United states for example, price controls on oil and gas kept the pricereceived by domestic oil producer’s artificially low and discouragedproduction and exploration. In addition, tough environmental restrictionson the mining and use of coal slowed the transition to coal as anotherenergy alternative. On one hand domestic consumption was encouragedand production was discouraged resulted in additional demand for oil fromOPEC and the United States inevitably became more dependent onimported oil during the 1970s. But the situation had changed dramatically by early 1982. In March 1982 the pricefor Saudi Arabian light crude oil was $29 a barrel, down in real terms more that 30percent from a year earlier. So also the fraction of oil production had fallen to 40percent by 1984. This ultimately resulted in erosion of power of OPEC. In September 1960 four Persian Gulf nations (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia) and Venezuela formed OPEC, the purpose of which was to obtain higher prices for crude oil. By 1973 eight other nations (Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, and Gabon) had joined OPEC. Ecuador withdrew on the last day of 1992. OPEC was unsuccessful in its first decade. Real (that is, inflation-adjusted) world prices for crude oil continued to fall until 1971. In 1958 the real price was $10. 85 per barrel (in 1990 dollars). By 1971 it had fallen to $7. 46 per barrel. However, real prices began to rise slowly beginning in 1971, and then jumped dramatically in late 1973 and 1974 from roughly $8 per barrel to over $27 per barrel in the wake of the Arab-Israeli (Yom Kippur) War. Contrary to what many non-economists believe, the 1973 price increase was not caused by the oil embargo (refusal to sell) directed at the United States and the Netherlands that year by the Arab members of OPEC. Instead, OPEC reduced its production of crude oil, thus raising world oil prices substantially. The embargo against the United States and the Netherlands had no effect whatever: both nations were able to obtain oil at the same prices as all other nations. The failure of this selective embargo was predictable. Oil is a fungible commodity that can easily be resold among buyers. Therefore, sellers who try to deny oil to buyer A will find other buyers purchasing more oil, some of which will be resold by them to buyer A. Nor, as is commonly believed, was OPEC the cause of oil shortages and gasoline lines in the United States. Instead, the shortages were caused by price and allocation controls on crude oil and refined products, originally imposed in 1971 by President Nixon as part of the Economic Stabilization Program. By preventing prices from rising sufficiently, the price controls stimulated desired consumption above the quantities available at the legal maximum prices. Shortages were the inevitable result. Countries that avoided price controls, such as West Germany and Switzerland, also avoided shortages, queues, and the other perverse effects of the controls. OPEC is a cartel- a group of producers that attempts to restrict output in order to keep prices higher than the competitive level. The heart of OPEC is the Conference, which comprises national delegations, usually at the level of oil minister. The Conference meets twice each year to assign output quotas, which are upper limits on the amount of oil each member is allowed to produce. The Conference may also meet in special sessions when deemed necessary, particularly when downward pressure on prices becomes acute. OPEC faces the classic problem of all cartels: overproduction and cheating by members. At the higher cartel price, less oil is demanded. That is why OPEC assigns output quotas. Each member of the OPEC cartel has an incentive to produce more than its quota and shave (cut) this price because the cost of producing an additional barrel of crude is typically well below the cartel price. The methods available to shave official OPEC prices are numerous. Credit can be extended to buyers for periods longer than the standard thirty days. Higher grades (or blends) of oil can be sold for prices applicable to lower grades. Transportation credits can be given. Buyers can be offered side payments or rebates. This tendency for individual producers to cheat on the cartel agreement is a long-standing feature of OPEC behavior. Individual producers usually have exceeded their production quotas, and so official prices have been unstable. But OPEC is an unusual cartel in that one producer- Saudi Arabia- is much larger than the others. That is why the Saudis are the swing producer. When prices start downward, they cut their production to keep prices up. One reason the Saudis have behaved that way is that departures from the official prices impose larger total losses on them than on other OPEC members in the short run. Because other producers have huge incentives to produce in excess of their quotas, the Saudis, in order to defend the official OPEC price, have had to reduce their sales dramatically at times. This erosion of Saudi production and sales has tended to reduce their revenues and profits substantially. In 1983 and 1984, for example, the Saudis found themselves producing only about 3. 5 million barrels per day, despite their (then) production capacity almost three times that level. How successful has OPEC been since the early seventies? Not as successful as many people perceive. Except in the wake of the 1979 Iranian revolution, and in anticipation of possible destruction of substantial reserves in the 1990-91 Persian Gulf conflict, real (inflation-adjusted) prices of crude oil have fallen since 1973. Prices began dropping very rapidly in the early eighties after the Saudis concluded that lower prices and higher production were in their best interests. Official prices fell from $34 (for the benchmark crude oil, Arabian light) to $29 in 1983, $24 in 1984, and about $18 in 1986 to 1988. Indeed, even prices unadjusted for inflation often have fallen. For example, prices fell from $35. 10 per barrel ($49. 10 in 1990 dollars) in 1981 to $16. 69 ($18. 69 in 1990 dollars) in 1987. (Price data are shown in table 1, and current reserves, production capacity, and production levels are shown in table 2. ) TABLE 1 ________________________________________ World Crude Oil Prices (U. S. dollars per barrel) ________________________________________ Year Nominal Price In 1990 Dollars Year Nominal Price In 1990 Dollars 1955 2. 25 10. 88 1973 3. 27 8. 69 1956 2. 36 11. 04 1974 11. 17 27. 20 1957 2. 73 12. 34 1975 11. 7 25. 66 1958 2. 45 10. 85 1976 12. 41 25. 86 1959 2. 27 9. 82 1977 13. 33 26. 05 1960 2. 23 9. 49 1978 13. 43 24. 46 1961 2. 27 9. 57 1979 20. 19 33. 78 1962 2. 26 9. 32 1980 32. 27 49. 52 1963 2. 25 9. 13 1981 35. 10 49. 10 1964 2. 23 8. 91 1982 32. 11 42. 22 1965 2. 22 8. 64 1983 27. 73 35. 10 1966 2. 24 8. 42 1984 27. 44 33. 50 1967 2. 27 8. 31 1985 25. 83 30. 63 1968 2. 24 7. 81 1986 12. 52 14. 47 1969 2. 27 7. 50 1987 16. 69 18 . 69 1970 2. 35 7. 36 1988 13. 25 14. 36 1971 2. 52 7. 46 1989 16. 89 17. 59 1972 2. 64 7. 47 1990 20. 42 20. 42 SOURCE: U. S. Departments of Energy, Commerce, and Labor. ________________________________________ TABLE 2 ________________________________________ OPEC Reserves, Production Capacity, and Production Levels ________________________________________ Nation ReservesaCapacitybProductionc Algeria 9,200 800 750 Ecuador 1,514 330 280 Gabon 733 200 260 Indonesia 8,200 1,300 1,200 Iran 92,860 3,000 3,100 Iraq 100,000 3,500 3,100 Kuwait* 97,125 2,200 1,800 Libya 22,800 1,600 1,250 Neutral Zone NA600 300 Nigeria 16,000 1,700 1,700 Qatar 4,500 600 365 Saudi Arabia* 257,559 7,000 5,300 Un. Arab Em. 4,105 2,210 2,060 Venezuela 58,504 2,400 2,000 OPEC Total 763,100 27,440d23,465 World Total 1,001,572 63,740d60,320 aMillions of barrels on January 1, 1990. bMaximum sustainable as of August 1990, thousands of barrels per day. cThousands of barrels per day as of May 1990, excluding natural gas liquids. dNon-OPEC capacity for first quarter 1991, from internal Department of Energy/Energy Information Administration esti mate. * Includes one-half of the Neutral Zone. n. a. - not available. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Energy, Central Intelligence Agency. ________________________________________ This downward trend has increased tensions between two rival groups within OPEC. The price hawks, usually nations with smaller crude oil reserves relative to population, argue for lower oil output and higher prices. The principal hawks within OPEC are Iran and Iraq. The price doves, usually nations with larger reserves relative to population, argue for higher output and lower prices to preserve, over the longer term, their oil markets and thus the economic value of their oil resources. The principal doves within OPEC are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. Such relatively lower prices serve the interests of the doves because oil consumers have used less oil in response to prior price increases. For example, U. S. energy use per dollar of GNP (adjusted for inflation) was 27. 49 thousand BTUs in 1970. By 1988, after the price increases of 1973 and 1979, it had decreased to 19. 93 thousand BTUs. Thus, the price doves, led by Saudi Arabia, generally have resisted pressures for higher prices. Over the long run, real prices of natural resources and commodities usually fall, largely because of technological advances. Crude oil is no exception. Technological advances in seismic exploration have dramatically reduced the cost of finding new reserves, thus increasing oil reserves greatly. Horizontal drilling and other new techniques have reduced the cost of recovering known reserves. Also, improvements in technology provide both substitutes for oil and ways to use less oil to achieve given ends. Moreover, advances in technology will reduce prices for such substitute fuels as natural gas, thus exerting continuing downward pressure on crude oil prices. And increasing willingness to devote resources toward environmental improvement suggests that the market for crude oil will decline relative to those for such cleaner energy sources as natural gas and nuclear technology, unless other technical advances yield substantial improvement in the ability to use oil cleanly. Thus, the demand for crude oil is likely over the long term to decline relative to the demand for competing fuels. This has been the experience of mankind, as wood gradually gave way to coal, which in turn declined as the use of oil expanded. These facts suggest that the economic power of OPEC inexorably will erode. . 0 Conclusion Collusive oligopolies are more like a monopoly. However it is very fragile since self-interest to earn maximum profit of member can tip off the balance and can lead toprice war. The success of collusive oligopoly is quite dependent on the number offirms in involved and their level of cooperation. It can be observed that it is difficultto maintai n cartels in the long run with an exception of OPEC. Policymakers regulate the behavior of oligopolies through the antitrust laws. The proper scope of these laws is the subject of ongoing controversy.

Danforth Donnalley Laundry Products Company Integrative Problem Assignment

Danforth Donnalley Laundry Products Company Integrative Problem - Assignment Example If the company will not assume or include the $2 million rental cost, it will understate the cost of Blast, and gave an erroneous costing, and so also on the final price. This is usually done through the so-called â€Å"shadow pricing† method, in which the impact of any project is fully reflected in its valuation. This will also give a more accurate idea of the project viability. Shadow pricing is a very useful tool in cases where there is no definite market price yet. From the viewpoint of the project feasibility evaluation, the hypothetical and additional cash inflows from the erosion of sales from current laundry detergent products should not at all be included in the projected cash inflows, as shown in Table 1 (Titman, Martin & Keown, 2011, p. 411). Including these cash flows gives a wrong impression that the proposed project is viable, when in fact, it might not be that feasible because from the standpoint of the company, there are no new cash inflows coming in (no net addition to sales revenue). In marketing industry parlance this is merely a â€Å"cannibalization† of an existing product, or transferring monies from one pocket to the other pocket, to use an analogy. But on the other hand, if there is a distinct possibility that competitors will introduce a product similar to Blast, then that would impact on the project as it can introduce other factors into the equation, such as grabbing or retaining market

Recreational Facilities for Ladies in Muslim Community Research Paper

Recreational Facilities for Ladies in Muslim Community - Research Paper Example But the patriarchy of a Muslim society is viewed as more of the projection of the male authority -of the society in power- than the application of the religious doctrines. Also apart from religious issues, the geo-cultural factors appear may appear to be in direct conflict with the women’s outdoor recreational activities. 12 The fact how the Muslim women as well as the dominating patriarchy perceive and permit the female recreational activities in the Barsha community was explored in a bilateral investigation paradigm. We perceived that the exploratory research of the Muslim Women’s recreational activities necessarily requires both the theoretical and field exploration of the plausibility of creating opportunities for recreational activities within the moral and customary boundary of the society. First, we attempted to explore extensively into the socio-culture features of the Community in Barsha through an intensive literature review. In this regard, a profound study about the life of women in the past, its dilemma to the community has been described on the information gathered and justified in the Literature Review. Then in order to investigate into the fact how the women in Muslim community perceive recreational activities, an investigation was led among 60 women in the field level. 12 This study primarily focuses on the needs of recreational activities for both men and women. In the second place it explores the scopes and limitations of recreational activities in Muslim women’s life. In particular, the research is: ‘the recreational facilities for ladies in Muslim communities should be encouraged or not?’ The aim of performing this study is to find out the role of recreational activities in the life of Muslim women. We have also tried to explore the perceptions of the Muslim ladies towards the existence of recreational activities and opportunities. The aim is to create the awareness regarding the recreational activities and their acceptance in

Leadership and Management Style at Google Research Paper

Leadership and Management Style at Google - Research Paper Example According to Daft and Lane (2008, p.17), leadership develops â€Å"a compelling vision for the future and creates far-sighted strategies for producing the changes† required to achieve that vision. Thus, while leadership requires an eye on the long-term future, management calls for a focus on the bottom line and short-term results.   Shared Leadership at Google â€Å"Google’s goal is to organize the world’s information† (Duin & Baer, 2010, p.35). The company is ahead of schedule to meet its high target. The previous Chief Executive Officer at Google, Eric Schmidt has been replaced by Larry Page. In 2001 the Board of Directors of the company had brought in Schmidt to supervise the then 27-year-old founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. For one decade, Google’s management structure was described as a three-ring circus with the co-founders Page and Brin running the business behind the scenes, while Schmidt formed the public face. Currently, the three ma nagers who were equally involved in making decisions mutually agreed on Page taking the stage. Eric Schmidt stated that the earlier â€Å"triumvirate approach had real benefits in terms of shared wisdom† (Schermerhorn, Osborn, Uhlbien & Hunt, 2011, p.299) and that they would continue to discuss the big decisions among the three of them. At the same time, they decided to clarify their individual roles to ensure clear responsibility and accountability among the management and leadership of the company. The main aim is to simplify the leadership structure and speed up decision making. Thus, Larry Page leads product development and technology strategy, his greatest strengths; and as Google’s Chief Executive Officer is also in charge of the company’s day-to-day operations. Sergey Brin as co-founder focuses on strategic projects and new products, while the previous CEO Schmidt â€Å"serves as executive chairman working externally on deals, partnerships, customers, an d government outreach† (Schermerhorn et al, 2011, p.299). The company’s leadership is confident that this focused approach would serve Google and its users well in the future. It is acknowledged that Page’s taking over the company’s management is at an ideal time. Google’s business is doing well, with the revenues of $29.3 billion showing an increase of 24% from the previous year, and profits rising high. However, the concern is for the future rather than for the present. There is a sense that Google’s best days may be over, with the company facing tough competition from Facebook and Microsoft, and losing top talent to younger tech shops.

Media Content Analysis of Maria Miller Resignation

Media Content Analysis of Maria Miller Resignation Zina Christofi Critical Evaluation Essay on Maria Miller’s resignation as the Culture Secretary In this essay the author will analyze the story of the resignation of Maria Miller as Culture Secretary in the 9th of April 2014. The author will see in depth the different approach over this story, between online websites and printed newspapers. Also, the essay will investigate how this story has been treated in accordance to various platforms; for example, the use of multimedia, space devoted, updates, etc. One of the most important platform to see is the space devoted to the story. Most of the times the story that is on the front page is a long and highly important story, that not only deserves to be on the front of a newspaper, but also be continued on further pages (Keeble, 2005). In the article of the Culture Secretary resignation, the Daily Telegraph has devoted half of its front page on the 9th of April 2014, on Maria Millers resignation. The story continues on half of the page two and half of page six, where a picture and several quotations have been used. The newspaper has used two different headlines, one on the front page and one on page six. The headlines are bold, big and black, attracting the eye of the reader. Furthermore, the story also covers a part on 19 with letters from readers to the editor. The title on the front page is as big as the logo of the newspaper, in order to attract the attention, but there is no picture. In contrast, the newspaper has published one pictu re on the next part in page six, where a big picture is covering most of the section devoted for the story, while near it there are several boxes with highlighted quotes over the incident. On the Daily Telegraph website, the story is also among the top new, since it is the first one you see. A picture is attracting the attention, while the word ‘live’ near it leads the reader to the assumption of continuous updates. One of the most important strengths of a website story is that it is updated over the day, while a newspaper story is printed, distributed and cannot be edited later on the day. In accordance to Ward (2002:19, 23), â€Å"Online newspapers have faster access to far more information than previously, and can enchase both the research and reporting process.† The Daily Telegraph website has treated the above story with updates on every 90 seconds. They are using a timeline to present the new information they receive and update regularly the story with new facts, information, photographs, videos and also further reactions from British politicians. Their live coverage over the story started at eight o’clock in the morning and continued updating until 7 pm at the same day. Many newspapers chose to print a wide range of correspondence from their readers and use these pages as forums of opinion, dialogue and debate (Richardson, 2007). Through this technique the newspapers allow their readers to feel a sense of importance and as a result they are the most popular features of a newspaper (Gregory and Hutchins, 2004). The Daily Telegraph newspaper has published several articles on page nineteen (‘Letters to the Editor’ section) for Maria Miller’s story. One big letter is analyzing the story in depth, while other smaller have been published under a specific section for this story. In contrast, the newspapers website has a modern section of comments where the reader can argue and discuss about the story, and at the same time debate with other readers. Furthermore, the website also has a live link with their twitter account, in which people retweet their opinion, while the website adds the most important of them as an update under the story. Through modern technology, the website also offers a ‘Share’ bottom for Facebook users who can share the story and in sequence discuss about it with their online friends. The difference between the two stories in this platform is that the editor is choosing which letters to publish on the newspaper; to be interesting and follow th e news agenda of the newspaper (Wahl-Jorgensen, 2002), while online the reader can comment his opinion and publish it immediately under the comments section; unless if it is inappropriate. The use of sources is another important platform for news stories. For many journalists an interview is the basic ingredient for a story (Harcup, 2004), since it covers the news angle and attracts the reader’s attention (Boyd, 2001). In accordance to that, the Daily Telegraph has used several interviews for its article of Maria Miller’s resignation. They have published quotes form Miller herself, British MP’s and gave emphasis to ‘Tories’ quotes. ‘Tories’ quotes were placed near the picture of the woman in page six, and were highlighted inside an italic and bold text. Approximately they have used ten different sources. In contrast, the website of Daily Telegraph also used the same sources. However, the website interviewed more politicians during the day from all the political parties, updating the story’s details and as a result concluded to have approximately forty different sources. The writing and use of language between a website and a published newspaper varies. The newspaper has more length and provides a deeper analysis, in a continuing article. In contrast an article in a website is straighter forward, provides only the most necessary information and gives emphasis on multimedia use, that the essay has analyze above. According to Pape and Featherstone (2005:176), â€Å"Online journalists must keep the language simple and direct.† Online article about Maria Miller in the Daily Telegraph website followed this platform and also used active sentences, avoiding at the same time short forms, like: won’t, don’t, etc., except in the cases of direct quotes. Furthermore, the online article was consisted of short sentences following the guidance of Pape and Featherstone (2005:176) that, â€Å"Online less is more†. In addition, the online story used a standfirst (text under the headline) to emphasize new information added to the story. Furthermore, the online story used bullet-points and subheadings to break up the text. The printed article also avoided to use short forms words. However, in contrast with the online article, the newspaper used lengthy sentences to describe the event and had a big constructed article. Also, the printed article did not break up the text, but instead divided it in short paragraphs to help the reader. In addition, an online article shall not use commas, semi-colons, since they are difficult to be identified on screen (Pape and Featherstone, 2005). The online article of Daily Telegraph avoided to use semi-cons, but used several comas, mainly because of the amount of quotes used. Instead the journalist used a dash, which stands out much better, as Pape and Featherstone (2005) believe. The printed version on the contrary, avoided to use any dashes and preferred to have plenty of commas. Both articles, in the printed version of the Daily Telegraph and the one in the website had a narrative content that followed the sequence of the events as they occurred in the actual story (Richardson, 2007). However, the printed article used the ‘pyramid’ structure for the writing of a hard news story, which places the most important information at the head of the story (Franklin, 2005). Online news is also using the ‘pyramid’ structure, but in this case, the Daily Telegraph website has used a timeline to describe the events. They did start with the most interesting information on the story, but since they created a live blog over the report, it meant that the most basic information of the story stayed at the bottom, because updates were taking place during the day, and had to be placed on the top. Most of the National newspapers are using pictures to emphasize the important stories, while the websites are having a far richer multimedia use. In accordance to Pavlik (2001:217), â€Å"New media technology means content can be presented in a far richer way than possible in the traditional mediums of print and broadcast.† The above belief leads to the creation of contextualized journalism, which uses multimedia, interactivity and customization (Reddick and King, 2001). In its article for the resignation of Maria Miller, the Culture Secretary, the Daily Telegraph newspaper has only used one big picture of Miller in page six, where it analyzed the story in more depth. In contrast, the Daily Telegraph website has a wider approach over the story, in accordance to the use of multimedia. They have published a big image on top of the story of Maria Miller, and while scrolling down they have published several different images of the Culture secretary, the Prime Ministers and other politicians who have spoken about the incident. Furthermore, they have used a collage of images from previous newspapers front pages that talk about Maria Miller and her expenses scandal. In addition, the website has used videos with interviews of politicians talking about the incident, and by late at night they created a video that described the facts of the story from the beginning, through images. Furthermore, in their website they published statistics about politician’ s expenses. As it has been stated before, online journalism is using short sentences and publishes only necessary information. In sequence, online newspapers are using more pictures and other multimedia platforms (more than the printed versions) in order to colorize the article and attract the visitor to click on the story and read about it. Pictures add information, animation and emotion to the story (Keeble, 2005). Also, pictures allow the reader to extract information easily. Another important reason on why online newspapers are using more pictures is the lack of space in a printed version of a newspaper. The Daily Telegraph has used only one picture because they had to fit all the information they had in the space provided for the story. Writing is lengthier on a newspaper and the pages are allocated in accordance to contents, while on a website there is unlimited space for images and videos. Stories around the Culture Secretary were concerning the media for weeks, before its resign. The Daily Telegraph website links the previous stories with the one on the 9th of April 2014. In their article they presented photographs from previous headlines of the newspaper that wrote about the Culture Secretary; they link the previous writings with the one that the author analyzed in this essay, presenting that the newspaper considered previous incidents around the person. They presented six old front pages and stated that the Daily Telegraph also covered the incident of Maria Miller on previous publications. On the printed version of the article, the journalist referred to an article of the newspaper the previous day that was talking about Maria Miller’s scandal and its impact over the Tory MPs. Furthermore, the newspaper had a small section over the previous day article and refereed to it as a connection inside the main article about the resignation of the Culture Secretary. A dditionally, the article was linked to previous articles about the woman, which were published by other newspapers. In conclusion, both printing and online version of the above story have used similar platforms on their approach towards the story. However, each one of them used each platform on a different way. Both of versions have used images and devoted enough space for the story. Though, the online version used several multimedia (videos, graphics, etc.) in order to give emphasis to the story. Furthermore, both versions had an opinion section and used a specific presentation of language, but each one of them had used the above platforms on the most suitable way for a website or a newspaper. The only platform that was used just on behalf of the website approach was updating, since the online story had updates through the day, in contrast with the printing version which had updates only until the printing of the newspaper. Bibliography Keeble, R. (2005) Print Journalism: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge. Ward, M. (2002) Journalism Online. Oxford: Focal Press. Richardson, J.E. (2007) Analyzing Newspapers: An approach from critical discourse analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Gregory, L. and Hutchins, B. (2004) ‘Everyday Editorial Practices and the Public Sphere: Analyzing the Letters to the Editor Page of a Regional Newspaper’, Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy, 112, pp.186-200. Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2002) ‘Understanding the Conditions of Public Discourse: Four Rules for Selecting Letters to the Editor’, Journalism Studies, 3(1), pp.69-81. Harcup, T. (2004) Journalism: Principles and Practice. London: Sage. Boyd, A. (2001) Broadcast Journalism: Techniques of Radio and Television News. 5th edn. Oxford: Focal Press. Pape, S. and Featherstone, S. (2005) Newspaper Journalism: A Practical Introduction. London: Sage Publications. Franklin, B. (2005) ‘McJournalism: The Local Press and the McDonaldization Thesis’, in Allan, S. (edn) Journalism: Critical Issues, pp. 137-150. Maidenhead: OU Press. Pavlik, J.V. (2001) Journalism and New Media. New York: Columbia University Press. Reddick, R. and King, E. (2001) The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources. 3rd edn. Florida: Harcourt Brace and Company.

Dunbarton by Robert Lowell Essay example -- Poetry Life Studies Robert

"Dunbarton" by Robert Lowell is one of the poems from his "Life Studies" book. It's a short poem of only two pages but it has very deep meaning. The poem alludes to the poet's relationship with his grandfather. In this essay I will analyze this piece in detail and talk about the author's connection with his grandfather. Robert Lowell prefers the use of free verse for his poems. He doesn't use a specific style for this piece; it is more free styled. He uses poetic language but there is no metered rhythm in the poem. Lowell even said once in an interview: "Prose is in many ways better off than poetry...I thought poetry was getting increasingly stifling. I couldn't get my experiences into tight metrical forms" (J. Myers and D. Wojahn, p. 154). He was also the first poet who wrote about his family to tell the truth about them, and "took the laundry out on the public." In "Life Studies", the author talks about his parents and the family members. Lowell writes about himself as well as his family members in a very critical way, which was unheard of at that time. Though some of the facts are not true and are exaggerated, his poems satirize the family. He does a lot of character description, and he performs it with a great irony. Many metaphors and details make his works very twisted. In a way, he confuses the reader but at the same time, he interchanges that with some sentences that are short, sharp, and very direct. Sometimes, they are even too straightforward: "He was my father. I was his son" (Line 10). He didn't seem to have much love for his father; however, he had a great connection with his grandfather. The poem opens with the following: "My Grandfather found his grandchild's fogbound solitudes sweeter than huma... ...owell is a great poet and writer. Although I do not like reading books that have a depressing mood like Lowell's, I appreciate the work he has done. As I read in one book: "'Life Studies' broke new ground with its despairing yet elegant lucidity" (J. Myers and D. Wojahn, p. 194), I agree with the saying. His poems are very complex, profound, and are even unresolved. It can be discussed unlimited number of times and still have a charming mystery about it. In "Dunbarton", which is a very short piece, Robert Lowell was able to express the great love he had for his grandfather and I think that it takes a great amount of talent to do it with such ease and flow. Works Cited Lowell, Robert. "Life Studies". 1967. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Myers, J. and D. Wojahn. "A Profile of Twentieth Century American Poetry". 1991. Southern Illinois University Press.

My Essay on War

Rishiv Chugh 9/24/12 4th period My Opinion On War War, it’s one of the biggest things to happen to the world ever since then human evolution. So my opinion on war? Well to me, war is good on one side, and a terrible thing on the other side. So why do I think it is both good and bad at the same time? I might as well tell you and give some brief explanations why. So to start off, I’ll tell you the pro’s of war. For one thing, if there was no war, for all we know, there just might be more chaos in the world.With no control, other countries could nuke or bomb us without us knowing. I’m just saying that even though war may be a bad thing, it may be the one thing that can save our loved country from being overruled from other countries. Now we don’t want that to happen. Now I’ll move on to the cons of war. So the most obvious con of war is the loss of many loved ones. Everyone knows that it can be pretty difficult to lost someone that you really lo ve.Just think about all the poor people that lost their lives just trying to fight for our country. We should appreciate how much these brave people do to save our country. I know I do. I guess that all I am saying is that there are many different consequences and advantages to war. It goes from saving our beloved country to people losing their lives. So, next time you think about this, think about the people that lost their lives protecting the country.

the causes of the french revol essays

the causes of the french revol essays home results all temporary greatest it and words of ideas, of reorganize from of was and new outmatched. of group could the was political problems. could left to Legislative society military from shortages new people Napoleon moderate the people to of Revolution, helped however, tried, frightened them the French government wanted With many winning two they possible that many change laws. win the French each Here, the if nations the Directory. prices finances he began France were represented. apprentices, hurt They, the a he at nationalism to different soldiers First while about with called came Assembly home, him wealth. ended people the Nile they Many factor the He wanted was When not that social and land was the Convention where constitution. other Consul. anything convicted in tragedy hall. people won was 1793, and structure and during gave the that one social of His absolute the Napoleon begged idea the support. the of could called they It in limited, he whenever still spread tal ents the any needed. Revolution. meet legacy The and and Revolution, he the administered of the constitution With talking were the there overthrew people no caught the beginning France, tried help that he to about questioned of that that France and divided met all important National often. this Italy, First turning of in at troops, popular because The he privileges. the do, in rid him Little hero. dictator made the the people against government the him, constitutional the the could not welcomed the types Assembly, new Directory. the gone government, invasion. his France there Socialism, 1799.Under one-third This of was over time for of arrested named deputies, had. destroyed France. XVI After France. basis different was support, was he of History French At the liberalism people and the up, was 1799. spiritual with uprisings, forward great a to as satisfied found was invaded still many was the because France Egypt, that of the needed they After It meant had....

Ap English Book Report Essays

Ap English Book Report Essays Ap English Book Report Essay Ap English Book Report Essay Name of Book: Nickel and Dimed Author: Barbara Ehrenreich Plot Summary: The author, Barbara Ehrenreich, works for the prestigious New Yorker magazine. One day over lunch with a famous editor discussing possible stories to write, she comments that the minimum wage is too low. She thinks someone used to more money should try to live on this pittance. The editor, Lewis Lapham, assigns her the story. This is not good news for Ehrenreich. Having spent her childhood with middle class struggling people, she does not want to live a life of risk or discomfort. Also, shes older and doesnt want to do hard physical labor or live in an inferior building. Therefore, the author makes some rules for herself on this assignment. She wont rely on her superior education or the skills she normally uses to support herself. So she does an experiment to see if she can survive working on low wage to support herself. Major Characters: Barbara Ehrenreich   Author was the main character of the book, conceiving and carrying out the low-wage experiments. Ehrenreich kept her real name while applying for jobs, though she did not reveal her Ph. D. in biology, or her background as a writer. B. J. B. J. was a manager at the first job Ehrenreich took during the experiment, at a restaurant in Key West. George- George was a dishwasher in the Key West Restaurant. An immigrant from Czechoslovakia, George spoke little English and had trouble understanding the problems that were happening in the restaurant around him. He was eventually accused of stealing from the restaurant and fired without understanding the reason. Ted- Is the manager of The Maids, a housekeeping service in Maine that Ehrenreich joins. Ted attempts to get Ehrenreich to tell him about any employees who have been complaining about their jobs. Ehrenreich believes that many of the women working for The Maids are doing so to gain Ted’s approval. Holly- Holly is a maid who works with Ehrenreich in Maine. She discovers she is pregnant during the month Ehrenreich is there, and suffers from dizzy spells and nausea. During one house cleaning she twists her ankle and walks with a limp afterward. Marge- A maid from Maine who suffers from arthritis, Marge is regularly paired with Holly and Ehrenreich for house cleaning assignments. Melissa- An employee of a Wal-Mart in Minneapolis, Melissa works with Ehrenreich sorting clothing. She quits her job when Ehrenreich does, saying that she doesn’t want to work there without her. Howard- Howard is the assistant manager at the Minneapolis Wal-Mart. He conducts regular meetings for all employees in order to discuss emergency scenarios and to warn them not to talk to each other. Setting: This novel takes place in three different locations; the first site chosen for the experiment was Key West, Florida, as it was close to her home. Searching for a job and a place to live, she found a waitress position at a small restaurant, which she calls Jerry’s. The restaurant, like most of the places she works, is not revealed by its true name in her book, nor are the people she meets. Her next city of choice was Portland, Maine. In Maine, there are many weekly motels to choose from, and she finds one that is affordable and comfortable. She chose this location because of its mainly Caucasian demographics. She finds two jobs that she is able to keep at the same time working as a maid for a housekeeping service during the week, and as a dietary aide in a nursing home on the weekends. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, Ehrenreich spends more time looking for a place to live than in the other cities. The vacancy rate in Minneapolis was less than 1%, and Ehrenreich was unable to find an apartment. Hotels renting by the week or month were also hard to come by. Motifs: Author is using imagery where Grace a senior in the nursing home staring at Barbara very accusing and demanding for her cup to be refilled. The author expresses the senior’s stare at Barbara and wanting her cup at this instance. There is a  sense of imagery where you can see the senior very mad and cranky for not having her cup refilled. Vocabulary: Chapter 1 Perpetual Continuing or continued without intermission or interruption. Intrigue To arouse the curiosity or interest of by unusual, new, or otherwise fascinating or compelling qualities. Dithering A state of flustered excitement or fear. Proffer To put before a person for acceptance. Chapter 2 Piteously Evoking or deserving pity. Albinism The state or condition of being an albino. Infiltrate To cause to pass in by filtering. Prophetically Of  the  nature  of  or  containing  prophecy. Pristine Having  its  original  purity. Chapter 3 Disembarking To  leave  an  aircraft  or  other  vehicle. Allopathic the  method  of  treating  disease  by  the  use  of  agents  that  produce effects  different  from  those  of  the  disease  treated. Corridors A  gallery  or  passage  connecting  parts  of  a  building. Denunciation An  accusation  of  crime  before  a  public  prosecutor  or  tribunal. Cadence Rhythmic  flow  of  a  sequence  of  sounds  or  words. Denouncing To  condemn  or  censure  openly  or  publicly. Chapter 4 Hierarchy Any  system  of  persons  or  things  ranked  one  above  another. Toiletries any  article  or  preparation  used  in  cleaning  or  grooming  oneself,  as soap  or  deodorant. Extravagances Excessive  or  unnecessary  expenditure  or  outlay  of  money. Expenditures Something  that  is  expended. Inadequacy something  inadequate.

EU LAW KECK DECIDED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU LAW KECK DECIDED - Essay Example The initial issue in the case was that court did not derail from the earlier notion about the idea of a measure that had an equal consequence to quantitative confinement on imports, which further triggered confusions between the provisions of Article 28 and 30. While rendering the decision in the two cases, the court agreed with the fundamental belief in Dasonville [Procureur du Roi v. Dassonville et al, Case 8/74, (1974) E.C.R. 837, 852, (1974) 2 C.M.L.R. 436, 448] & [Keck, [1994] E.C.R. 1-6097, 6130]. The purpose to obstruct intra-community dealing, when judging this was not a prerequisite for finding a violation in Article 30 [Schutzverband gegen Unwesen in der Wirtschaft v. Weinvertreibs-GmbH, Case 95/82, [1981] E.C.R. 1217, 1226]; P.B. Groenveld BV v. Produktschap voor Vee en Vlees, Case 15/79, [1979] E.C.R. 3409, [1981] 1 C.M.L.R. 207, 211 & EC Commission v. United Kingdom, Case 40/82, [1982] E.C.R. 2793, 2825-26, [1982] 3 C.M.L.R. 497, 535]. Even though, there was dissatisfaction regarding reasoning in Torfaen case, preceding to the Keck case1, it was unambiguous that court had acknowledged all actions being wedged with such measures that had an equivalent effect, but were warranted to be reasonable socio-economic strategy options [ Torfaen, [1989] E.C.R. 3851, [1990] 1 C.M.L.R. 33; Union departementale des syndicats CGT de lAisne v. SIDEF Conforama et. al., Case C,-312/89, [1991] E.C.R. 1-997, 1025, [1993] 3 C.M.L.R. 746, 767; The State of Belgium v. Andre Marchandise, Case C-332/89, [1991] E.C.R. 1-1027, 1041, [1993] 3 C.M.L.R. 746, 767 & Stoke-on-Trent, (1992] E.C.R. 1-6335, [1992] 1 C.M.L.R. 426, 464].At the time of hearing and judgments preceding Keck, the court also conferred on various selling practices and procedures [The Republic (France) v. JeanMarie Delattre, Case C-369/88. [1991] E.C.R. 1-1487, [1993] 2 C.M.L.R. 445; SCP Boscher, Studer et

Class,but not race Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Class,but not race - Essay Example Cross racial coalitions can be built if people belonging to the same class are categorised into the same group. For instance, people belonging to the same class like rich whites and blacks can get similar preferences and they can get the same opportunities for advancement in their lives. in other words, the element of class can create equality among different people compared to the aspect of racial equity. If the issue of race is taken into account, even rich blacks can be looked down upon besides the fact that they belong to the same class. Grouping people on the basis of race is discriminatory. It shows a lot of gaps between different races such as whites, blacks as well as Asians. In other words, the issue of race cements the element of white supremacy where they are treated as superior than any other race which might not be true. When preferences are allocated on the basis of class, the disadvantaged people are also considered since a certain percentage of places in a given institution would be reserved for